Effect Of Replacing Fish Meal With Blood Meal On Chemical Composition Of Supplement For Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus)

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect on the nutrient content of replacing fish meal (FM) with blood meal (BM) in fish supplement. Three isonitrogenous diets (35% crude protein) were formulated using FM as the main source of animal protein (BM0); 50% replacement of FM with blood meal (BM50); or 100% replacement of FM with BM (BM100). The chemical composition (ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fibre) and amino acid composition were determined. Replacement of FM with BM did not affect the proximate composition of the diet apart from ash content which decreased with the level of substitution. Substituting fish meal with blood meal reduced the levels of methionine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, valine and increased the levels of arginine, phenylanine and alanine in the diet. Amino acid indices revealed that BM0 had more amino acids with the highest chemical scores followed by BM50 and BM100. In all the diets, methionine was the most limiting amino acid. The essential amino acid index of the diets reduced with the level of replacement of FM (0.94, 0.88 and 0.77). The study showed substitution of up to 50% FM with BM gave a useful protein diet and 100% gave almost a poor protein diet.     

改装机械加工设备解决化工装置检修问题研究

随着我国经济水平不断提高，化工设备检修手段也在不断发展，以改装机械加工设备来解决化工装置检修问题成为了当下提高检修效率的热议话题之一。文章主要分析化工装置检修，阐述了以改装机械加工设备方式解决化工装置检修难题的过程，总结经验以供参考。     

不同有机肥处理对西瓜产量的影响

为探讨有机西瓜生产中适宜的有机肥种类及其施用量,采用基于根层实时调控的Nmin(miner-alized N,包括铵态氮和硝态氮)管理技术,研究了西瓜关键生育期进行有机肥的追肥处理对西瓜产量的影响。结果表明:各有机肥处理使西瓜产量明显提高,其中,传统有机肥处理产量最高(60.7 kg·hm-2),有机肥组合、有机肥组合+根层调控处理产量次之,分别为44.9 kg·hm-2和43.7 kg·hm-2。传统有机肥处理(CT)中土壤Nmin处于较高水平,在伸蔓期达到高峰(160 kg·hm-2)而后降低到100 kg·hm-2以下。推荐施用的有机肥种类为腐熟合格的鸡粪有机肥,施肥量可适当增加。     

青土湖水面形成区土壤颗粒组成与化学特性变化

青土湖输水作为石羊河流域治理的一项关键措施,对保护湖区水资源和生态环境具有重要意义。在距青土湖水面边缘东南方向0-450 m的10个样点中分3层取0-60 cm土样,测定土壤粒径的质量百分比与全氮、全磷、全钾和电导率,分析青土湖水面形成后土壤颗粒组成与化学特性变化。结果表明,随着离水面边缘距离的增加,土壤颗粒与化学特性呈有规律的增减变化,土壤粘粉粒组成与其全磷、全钾之间存在正线性相关。青土湖水面形成加剧了距水面边缘0-150 m处的土壤理化性质变化;土壤细粒及养分出现富集,分别在距水面边缘100-150 m和300 m处达到最大值。因此,土壤养分与土壤细物质的良好相关性表明,土壤粘粉粒变化可作为反映该区域土壤性状变化和评价衡量水面形成后土壤恢复程度的定量指标之一。     

氮、磷添加对青藏高寒草甸土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征影响的Meta分析

为了解青藏高原高寒草甸土壤碳(Carbon,C)、氮(Nitrogen,N)、磷(Phosphorus,P)化学计量特征对氮、磷添加的响应,提高养分管理水平及草地生态系统的养分平衡。本研究严格筛选出21篇文章(612项数据)进行Meta分析,通过亚组分析分析了不同施肥方式(氮添加、磷添加、氮磷添加)、不同施肥强度(轻度、中度、重度)对青藏高原草地土壤C,N,P化学计量特征的影响。研究结果表明：养分添加显著增加了青藏高原草地土壤C,N,P含量;氮添加对土壤的增加效应随施肥强度增加而增加,磷轻度施肥(20g·m^-2以下)处理、氮磷添加轻度施肥处理下的土壤C,N,P含量及化学计量比增加效果最好。本研究结果总体反映出氮、磷添加对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤产生积极影响,研究结果可为青藏高原草地生态系统的保护提供科学依据。     

Determination of the effective dosage of tiletamine–zolazepam–ketamine–xylazine,with or without methadone,in dogs

ObjectiveTo determine the effective dosage of the combination tiletamine–zolazepam–ketamine–xylazine (TKX), with or without methadone, in dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, experimental study.AnimalsA total of 29 dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly administered TKX (group TKX, n = 13) or combined with 0.3 mg kg^–1 of methadone (group TKXM, n = 16) intramuscularly. The TKX solution contained tiletamine (50 mg mL^–1), zolazepam (50 mg mL^–1), ketamine (80 mg mL^–1) and xylazine (20 mg mL^–1). The effective dosages for immobility in 50% and 95% of the population (ED₅₀ and ED₉₅) were estimated using the up-and-down method. Approximately 20 minutes after drug administration, a skin incision was performed and the response was judged as positive or negative if the dogs moved or did not move, respectively. The TKX volume for the subsequent dog in the same group was increased or decreased by 0.005 mL kg^–1 if the response of the previous dog was positive or negative, respectively. Heart and respiratory rates, and sedation/anesthesia scores (range 0–21) were recorded before and 15 minutes after drug administration.ResultsEstimated ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ (95% confidence intervals) were: TKX, 0.025 (0.020–0.029) and 0.026 (0.010–0.042) mL kg^–1; TKXM, 0.022 (0.018–0.025) and 0.033 (0.017–0.049) mL kg^–1. Median (interquartile range) scores for sedation/anesthesia were 17 (16–18) and 17 (15–20), and times until lateral recumbency were 5 (4–6) and 6 (4–10) minutes in TKX and TKXM, respectively (p > 0.05). In both groups heart and respiratory rates decreased, but values remained acceptable for anesthetized dogs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results provide a guide for volumes of TKX and TKXM in dogs requiring restraint for minimally invasive procedures. Inclusion of methadone in the TKX combination did not influence ED₅₀.     

苏尼特绵羊肉理化品质的分析研究

苏尼特绵羊是内蒙古优良地方肉羊品种之一,以肉质嫩、口感好而名扬全国。以苏尼特绵羊和小尾寒羊背最长肌为原料肉,进行比较研究。结果表明,相对于小尾寒羊,苏尼特绵羊肉不仅具有高蛋白、低脂肪和低胆固醇等很高的营养品质,而且具有保水性好、嫩度高、熟肉率高等优良食用品质。对羊肉颜色的研究结果表明,与小尾寒羊相比,苏尼特绵羊肉的肉色更鲜红饱满。这些结果充分说明了苏尼特绵羊肉具有理想的化学成分和物理性状,也为苏尼特绵羊肉品质优良的主观印象提供了客观实验依据。     

Inheritance of fiber quality and lint yield in a chemically mutated population of cotton

The narrow germplasm base of the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), grown on the Texas high plains historically, has limited improvement of fiber quality. Chemical mutagenesis and subsequent selection have helped the development of lines with improved fiber quality in cultivars adapted to this region. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of improvements in fiber quality. M₃ lines with divergent fiber properties of micronaire, length, and strength were selected from a population of Paymaster HS 200 treated with 3% v/v ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for two hours. The 115 selected lines of M₄ and M₅ generation were evaluated for fiber quality and lint yield. Regression of the M₄ and M₅ on the M₃ generation, as well as the M₅ on the M₄ was used to generate narrow sense heritability coefficients. Significant variations were observed between the mutant lines in all generations except for lint yield in the M₅ (1997). The highest heritability estimates were found in fiber length (h ²= 0.29** to 0.46**). Micronaire and strength showed intermediate heritability estimates of h ²= 0.14 to 0.19, while lint yield had a very low heritability estimate of h ²= 0.03. Fiber length and strength were correlated (r= 0.58** to 0.46**) in all the three generations. The mutants identified in these studies have the potential to improve fiber quality of upland cotton without introducing alien genes that may reduce adaptation to short growing season production regions.     

有机无机肥料配合施用对玉米根系的影响

以玉米品种四密21为材料,通过土柱模拟试验研究了有机无机肥料配合施用对玉米根系的影响.结果表明:有机无机肥料配合施用,提高了玉米各土层特别是中、下层根系干重和比率;增加根系伤流量;延缓根系活力下降;降低根系MDA含量;提高根系SOD活性.所以能够延缓玉米根系器官的衰老,从而使玉米产量提高.     

涞水县设施蔬菜化肥与农药施用现状及对策

为进一步提高设施蔬菜生产技术水平,对涞水县设施蔬菜生产温室进行调查,通过调查设施设备、主栽作物、种植模式、销售渠道、经济效益等基本情况,发现存在基础配套设备落后、种植户管理水平差异较大等问题;通过调查涞水县温室蔬菜栽培中化肥、农药使用情况,发现存在过度依赖化学农药、施用方式粗放、缺乏合理施用方案、化肥农药安全使用意识差等问题;并提出依据需水规律合理灌溉、依据需肥规律合理施肥等栽培管理建议,以及加强农业防治(选择抗病品种、轮作倒茬等)、物理防治(高温闷棚、覆盖防虫网、黄板诱杀等)及生物防治(使用生物农药、性诱剂及有益生物等)建议。